HIV Exposed Infants Feeding Practices and Associated Factors Among Mothers Attending PMTCT Clinics at Ambo Town Public Health Facilities
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
31-36
Received:
9 September 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
29 April 2020
Abstract: About thirty seven million people worldwide were living with human immunodeficiency virus in the year 2017, of these, 1.8 million were children (<15 years old). Most of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa and were infected by their human immunodeficiency virus from positive mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. The study aimed to assess human immune deficiency virus exposed infants feeding practices and associated factors among mothers on prevention of mother to child transmission clinics at Ambo town public health institution. Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2019, at Ambo town public health institution. Systematic random sampling method was utilized to select study respondents. Data were collected through an exit interview by using pre-tested structured questionnaire. The returned questionnaires were checked for completeness, cleaned manually and entered to epidata version 3.1 and then exported SPSS version 20.0 for further analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out and finally descriptive finding was presented using frequency distribution tables and graphs. From total of 106 respondents 44 (42%) were greater than or equal to 30 years old and majority (75.5%) were from urban and more than half (56.8%) had good knowledge towards infant feeding practice. About 53.8% of the children were exclusively breast fed, whereas 28.3%) and 17.9%had practiced mixed feeding and exclusive replacement feeding respectively. This study result identified that the main reason reported for Exclusive Breast Feeding were advised by health professionals, easily availability of breast milk and nutritional importance among the study population. Thus Health professionals working at prevention of mother to child transmission clinic should work on infant feeding practice options by using mass media, community mobilization and health education in more comprehensive.
Abstract: About thirty seven million people worldwide were living with human immunodeficiency virus in the year 2017, of these, 1.8 million were children (...
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Short-term Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Risk of Hypertension Among Adults: A Pilot Study in Ibadan
Abiodun Moshood Adeoye,
Adekunle Fakunle,
Olajumoke Aderonmu,
Bamidele Tayo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
37-43
Received:
11 May 2020
Accepted:
28 May 2020
Published:
4 June 2020
Abstract: Air pollution has been associated with elevated blood pressure in adults. Data on this association in Nigeria, with the highest level of pollution in Africa is sparsse. The present study investigated the association between short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and hypertension. We conducted a case-control study comprising of 25 adults with hypertension and 25 age-, sex- and geographical location-matched normotensive controls. All participants had 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring at the same time as indoor particulate matter monitoring using a real-time particle counter and compared with the WHO guideline limit (25μg/m3). All monitoring was carried out over 24 hours during the wet season. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for the relationship between hypertension and particulate matter exposure was assessed at P<0.05 using unconditional logistic regression model. Mean indoor PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly higher among hypertensive patients (33.68±14.05μg/m3; 45.17±19.53μg/m3) compared to normotensives (17.86±9.50μg/m3; 22.45±11.51μg/m3), p<0.05. We observed strong correlations between PM2.5/PM10 and clinic BP (rs=0.47, p<0.001/rs=0.46, p<0.001), day-time BP (rs=0.59, p<0.001/rs=0.62, p<0.001), night-time BP (rs=0.64, p<0.001/rs=0.67, p<0.001) and BP dipping (rs=0.31, p<0.05/rs=0.29, p<0.05). Household size > 5 persons (aOR: 9.37; CI: 1.37 – 63.95) and PM2.5 > 25µg/m3 (aOR: 5.76; CI: 1.08 – 30.88) significantly increased the odds of hypertension. Short-term exposure to ambient PM air pollution was associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Air pollution reduction strategies may as well help in the prevention and control of hypertension. A large longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.
Abstract: Air pollution has been associated with elevated blood pressure in adults. Data on this association in Nigeria, with the highest level of pollution in Africa is sparsse. The present study investigated the association between short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and hypertension. We conducted a case-control study comprising of 25 a...
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